DEFINITIONS

Broken bones (fractures) are ato outbreak of bone bone breakdown, usually accompanied by injury in the surrounding tissue.

Types of fractures:

1. Closed fractures (broken bones simplex).

A broken bone is not visible from the outside.

2. Open bone fracture (compound fracture).

A broken bone looks from the outside because the bone had broken through the skin or the skin has torn.
Open fractures more easily infected.

3. Compression fractures (broken bones due to suppression).

Is the result of the energy that drives a bone against other bones or a pressing force against the long bone.
Common in older women who become brittle due to spinal osteoporosis.

4. Fractures due to run over.
A very great power caused some cracks that occurred a few bone fragments.
If blood flow to the affected bone disorder, then the healing will run very slowly.

5. Avulsi fractures.

caused by strong muscle contraction, so the interesting part of the bone where muscle tendons are attached.
Most often occurs in shoulders and knees, but can also occur on the leg and heel.

6. Pathological fractures.
Occur if a tumor (usually cancer) has grown into the bone and causes bones to become brittle.
Brittle bones that can break bones, although with minor injuries or no injuries at all.

Type of fracture type fracture

CAUSE

Most fractures are the result of injury, such as car accidents, sports or a fall.

Fractures occur when a power greater than the bone against bone strength.
The type and severity of fracture is influenced by:
- The direction, speed and strength of the force against the bone
- The age of patients
- Flexibility bone
- The type of bone.
With a staff that is very light, fragile bones due to osteoporosis or tumor may have a broken bone.

SYMPTOMS

Pain is usually the symptoms are very real.
Pain can be very severe and usually increasingly worse, especially if the affected bone is moved.
Touching the area around the broken bone can also cause pain.

Tool motion can not function properly, so people can not move her arm, standing on one leg or with his hands clasped.

Blood can leak from a broken bone (sometimes in considerable amounts) and into surrounding tissue or out of the wound due to injury.

Fractures

DIAGNOSIS

X-rays can usually indicate a broken bone.

Sometimes need to do a CT scan or MRI to see more clearly the areas that suffered damage.

If the bone began to improve, x-rays are also used to monitor healing.

TREATMENT

The goal of treatment is to place the ends of broken bones to each other so close together and to keep them attached properly.
The healing process takes at least 4 weeks, but in the elderly usually require a longer time.
After recovery, the bone is usually strong and return to function.

In some fractures, performed pembidaian to restrict movement.
With this treatment is usually broken collarbone (especially in children), shoulder bones, ribs, toes and fingers, will recover completely.

gypsum
Other fractures should really not be moved (immobilization).
Immobilization can be done through:
a.  Pembidaian: hard object placed in the area around the bone.
b.  Installation of gypsum: a strong material that is wrapped around a broken bone
c.  Withdrawals (traction): using weights to hold a limb in place. It is now rarely used, but once the main treatment for hip fracture.
d. Internal fixation: Surgery to place the dish or metal rod on the bone fragments. Is the best treatment for hip fractures and fractures with complications.

Immobilization of the arm or leg causing the muscles become weak and shrinking. Therefore, most patients need to undergo physical therapy.
Therapy begins at the time of immobilization performed and continued until pembidaian, plaster or traction has been released.
In particular fractures (especially hip fracture), to achieve complete healing, patients need to undergo physical therapy for 6-8 weeks or sometimes even longer.